It began a new era for the UK after completing its formal separation from the European Union.
The UK stopped following EU regulations at 23:00 GMT when the choice provisions for cooperation in travel, trade, immigration and security came into force.
Boris Johnson said the UK has “freedom in our hands” and the ability to do things “differently and better” now that the long Brexit procedure is over.
But the parties to the conflict to leave the EU argue that the country will be worse.
Scottish Prime Minister Nicola Sturgeon, whose ambition is to bring an independent Scotland back to the EU, tweeted: “Scotland will be back soon, Europe. Stay calm. “
BBC Europe editor-in-chief Katya Adler said there is a sense of relief in Brussels because the Brexit procedure is over, “but there are still regrets for Brexit himself. “
The first trucks that reached the borders entered the UK and the EU was delayed.
On Friday night, Transport Secretary Grant Shapps tweeted that border traffic had been “low due to the holiday,” but that there had been no disruptions in Kent, as “hundreds” of trucks crossed the Channel with a “small” number of others. people turned.
Six cargoloads traveling from Holyhead in Wales to Ireland had to be rejected due to lack of paperwork, the ferry and Stena Line port said Friday morning.
But later Friday, the organization said cargo traffic was moving well in its ports and that government customs systems were working well.
He added that the drop in freight traffic after the Christmas garage era and Brexit meant that “it is too early to draw conclusions,” but the company remained “cautiously positive that as cargo volumes continue to increase, we will be there to ensure the maintenance of loose movement of goods. “
British ministers warned that there will be disruptions in the coming days and weeks as new regulations are implemented and British companies settle for the changes.
But they have insisted that the new border systems are “ready to go. “
While the first customs checks were carried out after midnight, Eurotunnel spokesman John Keefe said: “Everything went well, everything works as before 11 p. m. “
Northern Ireland has other provisions from other parts of the United Kingdom, where customs controls will be on goods travelling between Britain and the province.
On Friday afternoon, Britain’s first ferry operating under the terms of Northern Ireland’s industry protocol docked in Belfast, as planned at 13:45 GMT.
Seamus Leheny, head of policy at Logistics UK, said six of the 15 of the first shipment to Belfast had been brought in for inspection, one of which remained at the port for more than 3 hours.
“Inevitably, it will have launched because with a formula as new and complex as this, there will be in the early days,” he told BBC Radio 4’s PM programme.
Mandy Ridyard, whose aerospace spare parts company makes daily shipments to Northern Ireland, told BBC Radio 4’s World at One that it “fills the same thing to ship goods to the Philippines as I send them to the UK. “
“And all of this adds a lot of burden to my business. “
The UK officially left the 27-member political and economic bloc on 31 January, three and a half years after the British public voted to leave in the 2016 Brexit referendum.
But it complied with EU industry regulations for 11 months while the two sides negotiated their long-term economic partnership.
A treaty was nevertheless concluded on Christmas Eve and became law in the UK on Wednesday.
Under the new agreements, British brands will have no tariffs on the EU domestic market, which means that there will be no import taxes on products crossing Britain and the continent.
But this means more documents for businesses and others travelling to EU countries, as uncertainty persists as well as banking and facilities.
The United Kingdom and Spain have also reached an agreement that the Gibraltar-Spain border will remain open.
Fabian Picardo, Gibraltar’s leading minister, said the agreement still needs to be formalized, but through checks between Gibraltar and the Schengen area without an EU passport, he said he would avoid queues at the border “that make people’s lives a pain in the ass and do business. . difficult. “
It is a moment that some will do so with wonderful optimism, others with deep sorrow.
And although this historical movement occurs at some point, the effect on some spaces would possibly be less instantaneous or apparent than in others; for example, relatively little traffic is expected in Dover on the first day of 2021 as new One. border controls begin.
However, there are significant adjustments, whether in trade, travel, security or immigration, and such adjustments would possibly be more obvious in the coming months.
Johnson, who pulled the UK out of the EU in January six months after the appointment of the prime minister, said it was an “incredible moment” for the UK in its New Year’s message.
In the Daily Telegraph, he added that the combination of the Brexit agreement and the deployment of the Oxford vaccine means that “we are creating the prospective springboard for the national uptick. “
Lord Frost, the UK’s negotiating leader, tweeted that Britain had once again become a “fully independent country. “
And David Jones, vice-president of the European Research Group of Pro-Brexit Conservative Supporters, told the BBC: “We can now make it transparent that Britain is a sovereign and independent state. “
Britain has a fully independent country support: deciding our own affairs. Thank you to everyone who has worked with me and @BorisJohnson to bring us here for over 18 months. Now we can build a bigger country for all of us.
But the parties to the Brexit conflict say the country will be worse off than when it is a member of the EU.
Irish Foreign Secretary Simon Coveney said that “it is nothing to celebrate” and that the UK’s relations with Ireland will now be different, but “we wish you the best of luck. “
French President Emmanuel Macron said the UK remains “a friend and an ally”, but added that the choice to leave the EU “is the child of European unrest and many lies and false promises. “
In Brussels, there is a sense of relief because the Brexit procedure is over, the Brexit itself is still lamenting.
Basically, the European Union believes that Brexit weakens the EU and the UK.
But the EU’s view is that it is less goodbye to Britain and more goodbye, because there are so many unrest between the two sides.
For example, there are practical aspects around Gibraltar, the UK is still waiting to see what access Brussels will give to the singles market, there is cooperation on climate change and there is a written review mechanism in the treaty for each and every one. every five years.
For all these reasons and more, this is the end of the verbal exchange between the EU and the UK for the foreseeable future.
The final results of the primary brexit procedure settings in other areas include:
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