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The polar jet stream circles the northern hemisphere, swirling up to 15 km above our heads like a sinuous aerial crown on the planet.
This band of strong winds separates bloodless Arctic air from southern air, and is guilty of transporting time from west to east across the United States, over the Atlantic, and into Europe, and controls how humid and warm those regions are.
However, according to a recent study, the jet stream moves northward as global temperatures rise, due to altering the sensitive balance of hot, bloodless air that keeps it in position. The jet stream will return to its overall diversity until 2060.
“The ‘beginning’ of the northward migration of the jet stream would possibly have already begun,” Matthew Osman, a researcher at the University of Arizona’s Center for Climate Systems and a co-author of the study, told Insider.
This would wreak havoc in the Northern Hemisphere, leading to more excessive occasions such as droughts and heat waves in southern Europe and the eastern United States. More rain and flooding are expected in northern Europe and Scandinavia, Osman said.
But emerging air temperatures disrupt this agitation and flow. The Arctic is on average twice as fast as the rest of the planet. Therefore, the air moves further north before locating bloodless air, causing the position of the jet stream to migrate to higher latitudes. .
Osman noted that the jet stream is capricious; The location of the strip is constantly becoming like the temperature differential that causes it to fluctuate, but their study took a long-term view, at the location of the creek for more than 1250 years. To reconstruct this behavior further, the researchers tested ice core samples from 50 sites in the Greenland ice sheet dating back to the eighth century. The carrots revealed how much snow had fallen and when.
Then, weather models, the team simulated where the jet stream might move over the next 4 decades if greenhouse fuel emissions continued at the current rate. The effects showed that the existing movement of the wind band threatens to exceed any past compensation.
It is expected to deviate from the norm, with potentially devastating consequences.
“By taking the jet stream out of its already extensive range of grasses, it is possible that we will divulge about serious weather hazards in the future,” Osman said.
Osman’s study suggests that jet stream migration will likely cause the east coast of the U. S. to become more likely to grow. USA It warms faster than it already is, and North America and Europe will revel in more droughts and heat waves.
“Europe, at the downstream end of the North Atlantic jet, will feel those effects more acutely,” Osman said.
In particular, the semi-arid regions of southern Europe may be more arid; parts of northern Europe that already have a wetter and milder climate, such as Scandinavia, can be even wetter. Europe this summer.
Some scientists claim that warming will also make the jet stream more wavy than it already is.
The path of the jet stream is sinuous and sinusoidal, as not all warm air moves northward at the same speed and not all polar air moves slightly southward, hence the many waves in the wind band.
But a study published last month suggests that melting Arctic sea ice can increase the intensity and length of those deflected bumps. When this sea ice melts, more heat and moisture move from the Earth’s surface into space, which acts like a stone thrown inside. the environmental pond: creates strong waves over the Arctic that distort the jet stream. This creates waves that push extremely bloodless air toward the equator.
Thus, a more volatile jet stream increases the threat of intense winter typhoons and bloodless clicks in the United States. Examples of such excessive winter situations come with the occasion of the polar vortex that hit the United States in 2019 and the winter typhoon that left millions of Texans. not valid in February.
“If the ripple of the jet stream increases in the future, it may mean that excessive occasions, such as the polar vortex, may also be more frequent,” Osman said.